Rationale - written Fall 2000

 

The idea of "physics first" has been around for about thirty years.  Finally, the idea seems to be taking off in various pockets of the country. Currently Weston, Belmont, Brookline, and Boston University Academy do "physics first." Advocates of "physics first", the foremost being Nobel Prize winning physicist Leon Lederman, propose a "kind of conceptual physics that is not so mathematical; using just the algebra that ninth graders know."  (Lewin, 1999) Here are some of the reasons for "physics first":

 

     Physics is the foundation of all science and is the easiest to observe through experiments with light, sound, motion, electricity and magnetism.

 

     Physics deals with phenomena that relate directly to the student's world, making it a course in which students can make predictions, practice data collection and graphing techniques, and start to make scientific sense of their observations (Hickman, 1994).  It maximizes the use of studentss’ personal experience in the everyday world and in their everyday language.  (Hewitt, 2002)

 

     Physics gives students the opportunity to apply their mathematical skills to real situations.

 

     Physics is the basis for understanding the more abstract concepts introduced in chemistry and biology. Today chemistry students learn about the electrostatic and nuclear forces in atoms, energy transformations that occur in chemical reactions, and gas laws while biology students delve into the biochemical processes in cells. Providing a strong conceptual framework in physics will only help students understand these complex processes (Hickman, 1994).

 

     The performance of 9th and 10th grade students taking a conceptual physics course on the NY Regents exam compared favorably to that of 12th grade students mathematical-based course (Hewitt, 1990).

 

     The sequence of biology-chemistry-physics for high school science was created in 1894 by a national commission, the Committee of Ten. This was when biology was a descriptive science focused on classification. Those rules no longer apply (Lederman, 1998).

 

     More girls and minorities are succeeding in science and pursuing more advanced science courses in schools which start physics in the 9th grade (Cohen, 1999)

 

     Doing "physics first", 100% of our graduates will have completed a physics course.

 

     The science framework and related MCAS will be changing to include subject area courses and exams, one of which is a grade 9/10 conceptual physics course.

 

     All students will have had a physics course providing relevance and real world connections to their lives. All students will see physics for what it really is, not a course which is too difficult to take. With this in mind, more students may go on to pursue higher level physics.

 

 

REFERENCES:

 

Cohen, Muriel. "Scientist and Educators Favor Physics Classes in the Ninth Grade." Boston Globe. February, 1999.

 

Hewitt, Paul G. "Conceptually Speaking." The Science Teacher. January, 2000.

 

Hewitt, Paul G. Conceptual Physics Teacher’s Edition, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 2002

 

Hickman, Paul and Jennifer Hickman. "Excerpts From High School Physics." The New Standards Project. 1994.

 

Lederman, Leon M. "ARISE: American Renaissance in Science Education." Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. September, 1998.

 

Lewin, Tamar. "Push to Reorder Sciences Puts Physics First." New York Times. January 24, 1999.